Manufacture of compound metal bodies



Oct. 18, 1938.

F. F. GORDON MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND METAL BODIES Filed May 26, 1937 FREDERlCK FELIX GORDON,

aw VQJ- Patented 18,-

UNITED STATES- PATENT orrlcs MANUFACTURE or comrourm mar. BODIES Frederick FelixGordon, Sheflieid, mm

Application May 26', 1931, SerialNo. 144,904 4 In Great Britain April 12, 1934 'l Claims. (01. 22 -206 This application is a continuation in part \of my copending application Serial No. 740,184, filed August 16, 1934.

This invention relates to the manufacture of 5 compound metal bodies, i. e., bodies consisting of layers of metals bonded (i. e. united) together by; placing a bonding material between the surfaces to be united and eifectingthe union of said surfaces by means of heat or heat and pressure. The

- invention is applicable to the bonding one to another of ordinary irons and steels and alloyed irons and steels to form compound .plates, sheets, slabs, billets, ingots or other products and is particularly useful for the bonding-of such types of metals as low and high carbon steels, high speed steels and corrosion resisting (for example stainless and rustless) irons and steels, but its application is not limited thereto as it may be used for many other combinations of metals and alloys.

An object of the present invention is to provide enable thecompound metal bodies to be produced in large sizes, such as for example, large ingotsfrom one ton in weight upwards.

According-to this invention the bonding mate-' rial must be one which must melt or be brought 40 to a condition suitablefor forming a satisfactory bond. at a temperature which does not exceed 1400 C. and is not so high as to destroy the advantageous characteristics of or otherwise injure,

the. metals of the bodies to be bonded but which will not melt at the temperatures used for the subsequent hot working of the compound body,

e.- g., not below 1100 C. As a result of my experiments I find that a bonding material consisting of the metal manganese alone or of a metal alloy or mixture of metals containing manganese as its essential and controlling constituent possesses the foregoing characteristics.

According to this invention the process for the manufacture of a compound metal adapted to be subsequently worked consists in placing a separating material between the juxtaposed faces of twobodies, applying to each of the remote surfaces of the bodies a further metal body; inter posing at the interfaces of the initial bodies and 5 the further bodies a metallic bonding material j in which the .metal manganese is essential and .when used with at least one other constituent has the lowest melting point of any, enveloping the resultant assembly with molten metal to autog- 1 enouslyweld to said assembly and applying pressure to the resultant product while in a heated condition; 7,

- The assembly maybe heated and pressed prior to being enveloped with molten metal. The pres- 5 sure is applied whilst .the bodies are hot either from the process or from subsequent reheating and may be applied in any suitable manner, as for example, by press, rolls or hammer.

The-manganese may be used with one or more 20 of the'metals nickel, iron, cobalt and chromium. 'When manganese used with nickel, iron, cobalt or chromium'or any combination of these four latter metals, I get more satisfactory results with a range of mixtures containing from about 25 98% manganese .down toa mixture containing about 10 of manganese; This range of proportions is satisfactoryfor most working conditions.

with a mixture having a somewhat lower percentage of manganesethan 10% of the total it is 30:

still possible to obtain a-bohdi which is sufficiently workable to satisfy certain of the practical requirements referred to although not capable of being worked to'thesame extent as a mixture containing higher percentages of manganese. 35 The most generally useful range however is thatwhich has a manganese content of down to-20% the balance being one or more of the metals nickel, iron, cobalt or chromium or any combination thereof.

I The substances usually occurring as impurities in the metal or metals of the bonding material may be present.-

The" bonding material is preferably in powdered form, but it maybe in granular or other 45 solid form, e. g., in sheet or strip form or a. com- I bination of powd ered'form' and sheet or strip form.

- It'is to be understood however that the manganese being thecontrolling element, adeflnite amount of at ieast 15 of manganesemust be used when thebondingmaterial'consists of man-' ganese and one or. more of the other metals mentimed and is used in solid form in which the metals have previously been melted together. 55

Preferably howeverv the manganese is employed such asborax, sodium -or potassium fluoride or (unalloyed) metalwhen .used with one or -.of the other-metals.

either wholly or in part as free and uncomblned more with the bondingfmaterial a mu: may be ;-dered bonding materia11 to-flll, whenmelted;' the a a space between'the bodies 2 and the hollow body a .1

5-. placed in a, mould l'in spaced relation thereto o. The composite assembly so defined is. then carbonate, resin, ammonium and borax or potassium fluoride aridborax as a flux,

found to be'suitable for bonding corrosion resistzinc chlorides or any suitable mixture of'these.

' The bonding material previously'referred to is, with-the addition -of' about 8% 01' anhydrous and molten metal is lcast completely about the saidassembly so as to heat it and melt the bond 'ing material. 1. whereby to bondfthelcorrosion resisting 'bodies- 2 to the hollow body 8 and becomepart of the resultant compound product a I whichghasa partingfplaneresulting from the ing irons and steels and mildsteels and'irons,

non-bonded'surfaces I and which is adapted to I A be formedinto sheets, strips or plates and used as P Inns. 1

'arating -material "3 between their juxtaposed h h, carbon steels and corrosion" resisting steels only and thatthe bonding materials referred to. Y may in each case bevaried over a .wide range. 1 Whilst 'mechanical mixtures of the',metals -.formin g'. the; bonding material may. be made by taking a quantity-of each of the several'metals'in powder forrirandthen mixing them together it.

-- is .obvious'thatin' some cases the, several metals forming.the-bonding material could bejmelted together and than afterwards-reducedto powder or be granulated or takefth'e} form of t'urnings or 'suchf'or the bonding material,

.; Flg. s is v calf-secti'on-ithrcugh 'a mould illustrating one foqm or carrying out the method 1 of manufact fl t compound bodies -according to" tn'isinventien. W

Figs-2 and 3 are similar views showingalternativeformsq; two' corrosion resisting metal '2 whichhave 'flrs't been placed togetherwith a sepcleaned surfaces 4 and the edges preferably sealed;

herewith and be subsequently'divided a'tjsaidparting plane sure is applied to the products either whilst hot from the process or the products may be allowed,-

to cool, 'be'subsequently reheated and.then sub: j p s W V s .1

It is to be understood as; in the application of pressure to the product the said. pressuremay and irons;'mar iganese'steels and'corrosion resistafter remoyal' 0f thesc 801868 5 to '8 ingironsandsteels; and-high speed steels and Dll1ri l tyotconi lind m t l productseach hav mild-steels'and irons. ing acorrosion resisting metal surface,- {The inventionis applicable to the bonding'of' In Fig. 2 whichillustrates-anothefmethodof 'n'lany types and compositions ofirons and steels producing-a plurality of compound metal bodiesof. which thegfollowing'ine typical exampiemfl twdcorrosio'n resisting metal bodies It with'sepv; Corrosion resisting steels, corrosion resisting 'arating material ll between their juxtaposed irons; hi'gh chromium 'n'iekeisteels, manganese cleaned surfaces 12 the exposed edges of which. steels, nickel steels, ordinary alloy -irons, iron's," maybe. sealed, have two' further metal bodiesll silica manganese steels, high speed steels, high placed ohet'o each'oi their remote surfaces with chromium steels, mil'd steels, ordinary carbon "a ,sheetormangan'iferws bonding material at F steels," chromium 'steels -ordinary. -al1oy steels, the in r ces IS. -.The ompo ite. assemb y s nickelichromiurn'steels,"- 4

defined is held-together h 'clam'ps I8 and placed Asuflicient quantity of the bonding material is m'ollld IT Sp relation t re d a d- 'used to ;provide.a-layer between the surfaces to molten metal I II is cast completel b t d be united a d t substantially .1111 any spaces assembly to become part thereof and resultingjin ,betweenthe saidsurfaces. l fa compound product which has a parting plane. V

- when bonding high carbon steels to low carformed ab}! the non-bonded Surfaces ll along bon steels-a temperature of about 1260 C..-is' which parting plane the product is subsequently suitable, with a bondlhg material composed-of. fl l ided to form a pl i fe y 00111901111! metal 80% manganese and 20% of nickel." For bond- --.products each having a corrosion resisting metal.

ing.high speed steels to"ordina rysteels a temsurface. perature of abbut ,1320' C. as suitable with a Fig.1llustrates a slight modification of the bonding material composed of 50% of manganese, method-depicted in Fig. 2 in that the assembly 20% of iron and 30% ofv nickel. :For-bondin'g 'oi juxtaposed corro'sionresisting'metal bodies corrosion resisting v,(for examplejtainlessand' .19, outerjbodies Ill, bonding material 2| arid rustless) 'ironsorsteels to" ordinary irons and; "separating-material 2 2 are. held together by'bolts steelsa' temperature of about 1300" C. buth o't'v 23 "passing through projecting portions of the v,exceeding' 1350". C. is suitable with- 'a bonding outer bodies "and metal strips 24 are included material composed of 50% manganese, 17% iron, in the assembly to .covertheexposed edges at the 4 17% cobalt 16% chromium, In each of Joint of the juxtaposed-bodies]! to prey'ent' im these three examples, a flux of anhydrousborax gress'of molten' metalfl when cast in the-mould.

equal. to about 8% of, the total weight oi',the 26 about the said' assembly. As. is shown, a

metallic,bonding-materialissuitabler 'inumber of: separate assemblies may be inserted I wish it to'be understood thatthethree'fore ,in a mould." v r f goingex'amplesare given by way'of -illustratlon .In allthe foregoing methods illustrated presr be that. resulting-j from s rhechanical operation" :such as rolling -or forging not to smaller dimensions...

' The division of the product at-the parting-' plane is preferably-effected after'the product has beerr 'reducdtosmallerdirhensiohs.

and desire tos'ecure by Letters 'What 'I claim Patent is:

1 'rr'ooessfrer the nianufactureof acompeund metal body-adapted to be subsequently.,-worked* whichconsists'in placing .a separating materialbetweenfthejuxtaposed faces of two'bodies, applying 'to each or the remote, surfaces :01 the bodies a further-metal 'bodyfinterposiiigat the interfaces'of the initial bodies-and the further "bodies'a-smeta'llic bonding-material having -a 2 lower. melting point than that of said bodies and I eflecting-a bond between the initial bodies andthe further by enveloping g'the resultant for reducin t r x weld said molten metal to said assembly. 4

assembly with molten metal and to autogenously 2. The process according to claim 1 whereby the bonding material comprises manganese.

3. Theprocess according to claim 1 wherein the bonding material comprises manganese and an element selected from the group' consisting of nickel, cobalt, chromium and iron.

4. The process according to claim 1 which includes applying pressure to the resultant product of the initial bodies, the further bodies and the enveloping cast metal.

5. The processaccording to claim 1 wherein the bonding material compris s manganese and which includes applying pressure to the resultant product of the initial bodies, the further bodies and the enveloping cast metal.

6. The process according to claim 1 wherein 'the bonding material comprises manganese and an element selected from the group consisting of nickehcobalt chromium and iron and which includes applying pressure to the resultant prodnot of the initial bodies, the further bodies and the enveloping cast metal.

7.- The process-accordingto claiml which includes applying pressure to the resultant product of the initial. bodies, the further bodies and the enveloping cast metal and then dividing the resultant product at the juxtaposed-faces having the separating material therebetw'eerr j.

' FREDERICK FEL X- ORDON; 

